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ummtaalib

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  1. “There has never been a clearer sign that not only is Israel prepared to commit war crimes, it is about to commit a crime against humanity” Israel’s military on Friday ordered all civilians in northern Gaza, more than 1 million people, to move to the south of the besieged enclave within 24 hours. Jan Egeland, secretary general of the Norwegian Refugee Council, said “absent of any guarantees or safety or return”, the Israeli demand would amount to the war crime of forcible transfer. “It must be reversed,” he said. Tayab Ali, director of the International Centre of Justice for Palestinians (ICJP), told Good Morning Scotland: “One million people are being told to leave or die from what is effectively an open-air prison camp.” There is already clear evidence that war crimes have been committed over the past week in Israel and the Gaza Strip, legal experts and human rights groups have said. So what crimes may have already been committed and what prospects are there for accountability? Middle East Eye (@middleeasteye) • Instagram photos and videos
  2. ‘israel's’ latest b*mbing of Gaza has accompanied a serious disinformation campaign. Here are four examples: 1. It was claimed that ‘israeli’ soldier Shani Louk was r*ped and kiIIed by Palestinian fighters. It turns out she is alive and in hospital in Gaza. 2. It was claimed that H*mas had beh*aded up to 40 babies but turned out that the ‘israeli’ Army had no evidence of it. 3. It was claimed that Palestinians had captured ‘israeli’ children and kept them in cages but actually the footage was of ‘israeli’ soldiers keeping Palestinian children in cages. 4. A tweet went viral claiming that Palestinians had cut open a pregnant woman's stomach and left the baby to die but it turns out that was a story from the massacre at Sabra and Shatila in 1982 committed by ‘israel’ against a Palestinian Woman. Post from @mintpress
  3. The Palestinian Resistance bombed Haifa with an R160 missile (154 aerial km), which is the furthest range the missiles have reached since the start of the Battle, which indicates a specific missile capability that the Resistance is using and gradually revealing. 💢For the fifth day, the Palestinian Resistance clashed with the Occupation inside the Gaza envelope settlements, some of them in Sderot, and others moved from the Zikim base to Ashkelon, casting doubt on the claims of regaining the Occupation’s control over the Envelope. 💢The death toll of the Israelis has risen to 1,300 since the start of Al-Aqsa Flood Battle. 💢The Israeli Occupation aircraft continues its extermination war on Gaza, targeting residential buildings, and committing 23 massacres that caused the martyrdom of about 160 Palestinians, most being children and women. 💢The death toll of Palestinians, as a result of the continued violent and intense Israeli bombardment on various areas of Gaza, rose to about 1,100 and 5,339 injured. 💢Medical teams warned of losing the ability to deal with the injured due to the Occupation deliberately targeting hospitals and their surroundings, killing 11 of the medical teams. 💢In addition to the shortage of medicines and medical materials, and most importantly, of electricity and water, it is expected that fuel stocks for electricity generators will run out and stop working tomorrow, Thursday. 💢The Israeli Occupation’s violent and insanely intense bombing in several areas, targeted 75 schools and 10 mosques, completely destructed the infrastructure, destroyed 535 buildings, and demolished 2,152 apartments and houses. 💢Four Palestinians were killed, and 13 others were injured in a settler attack on the village of Qasra-Nablus in the West Bank, raising the death toll in the West Bank since the start of the Battle to 29. 💢Despite the Israeli Occupation’s continued closing of main roads and city entrances to besiege the expansion of resistance in the West Bank, Palestinians carried out 567 resistance operations since the beginning of the Battle in 190 confrontation points.
  4. Under this title, the Hebrew newspaper “Haaretz” published an article by the famous Zionist writer (Ari Shavit) in which he says: It seems that we are facing the most difficult people in history, and there is no solution for them but to recognize their rights and end the occupation. Shabit began his article by saying: It seems that we have passed the point of no return, and it may no longer be possible for “Israel” to end the occupation, stop settlement, and achieve peace. It seems that it is no longer possible to reform Zionism, save democracy, and divide the people in this country. He added, if the situation is like this, then there is no taste for living in this country, and there is no taste for writing in “Haaretz,” and there is no taste for reading “Haaretz.” We must do what Rogel Alfer suggested two years ago, which is to leave the country. If "Israeliness" and Jewishness are not a vital factor in identity, and if every "Israeli" citizen has a foreign passport, not only in the technical sense, but also in the psychological sense, then the matter is over. You must say goodbye to friends and move to San Francisco, Berlin or Paris. From there, from the lands of the new German extreme nationalism, or the lands of the new American extreme nationalism, one must look calmly and watch the "State of Israel" take its last breath. We must take three steps back and watch the Jewish democratic state sink. The issue may not have been resolved yet. We may not have passed the point of no return yet. It may still be possible to end the occupation, stop settlement, reform Zionism, save democracy, and divide the country. The writer continued, “I put my finger in the eyes of Netanyahu, Lieberman, and the neo-Nazis, to wake them up from their Zionist delirium, that Trump, Kushner, Biden, Barack Obama, and Hillary Clinton are not the ones who will end the occupation.” It is not the United Nations and the European Union that will stop settlements. The only force in the world capable of saving Israel from itself is the Israelis themselves, by creating a new political language that recognizes reality and that the Palestinians are rooted in this land. I urge you to look for the third way in order to survive here and not die. The writer in Haaretz newspaper confirms: Since they came to Palestine, the “Israelis” have realized that they are the result of a lie created by the Zionist movement, during which it used all deception on the Jewish character throughout history. By exploiting and exaggerating what Hitler called the Holocaust, the movement was able to convince the world that Palestine is the “Promised Land” and that the alleged temple is located under the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Thus, the wolf was transformed into a lamb that was suckled by the money of American and European taxpayers, until it became A nuclear monster. The writer sought help from Western and Jewish archaeologists, the most famous of whom is “Israel Flintstein” from Tel Aviv University, who confirmed that “the Temple is also a lie and a fairy tale that does not exist, and all excavations have proven that it completely disappeared thousands of years ago, and this was stated explicitly in a large number of Jewish references.” , and many Western archaeologists have confirmedthat ... The last of them was in 1968 AD, the British archaeologist Dr. Caitlin Kabinos, when she was director of excavations at the British School of Archeology in Jerusalem. She carried out excavations in Jerusalem, and was expelled from Palestine because of her exposure of “Israeli” myths about the presence of traces of Solomon’s Temple under Al-Aqsa Mosque. .. Where I decided that there were no traces of the Temple of Solomon at all, and I discovered that what the Israelis call “Solomon’s Stables Building” has nothing to do with Solomon or stables in the first place. Rather, it is an architectural model of a palace commonly built in several areas of Palestine. This is despite the fact that “Kathleen Kenyon” came from the Palestine Exploration Fund Society, for the purpose of clarifying what was mentioned in the biblical narratives, because it There was great activity in Britain in the mid-19th century around history"Near East". He stressed that the curse of lying is what haunts the "Israelis", day after day, slapping them in the face in the form of a knife in the hands of Maqdisi, Khalili and Nabulsi, or with a stone or a stone or a bus driver from Jaffa, Haifa and Acre. The "Israelis" realize that they have no future in Palestine, as it is not a land without people as they lied to. Here is another writer who acknowledges, not only the existence of the Palestinian people, but rather their superiority over the “Israelis” - Gideon Levy, the leftist Zionist, when he says: It seems that the Palestinians have a different nature from the rest of humanity. We occupied their land, and we called their youth prostitutes, prostitutes, and drug addicts. We said that a few years would pass, and they would forget their homeland and their land, and then their young generation exploded the 1987 Intifada. We put them in prisons and said, “We will raise them in prisons.” Years later, after we thought they had learned their lesson, they returned to us with an armed uprising in the year 2000, devouring the land. We said we would demolishو their homes and besiege them for many years, and then they extracted impossible missiles to hit us with, despite the siege and destruction. So we began planning for them with walls and barbed wire. . And then they came to us from underground and through tunnels, until they killed us in the last war. We fought them with our minds, and then they seized the "Israeli" satellite (Amos)? They bring terror into every home in “Israel” by broadcasting threats and threats, as happened when their youth were able to seize control of the “Israeli” Channel 2. In summary, it seems that we are facing the most difficult people in history, and there is no solution for them but to recognize their rights and end the occupation. Article title: “Israel” takes its last breath Writer: Ari Shavit Source: Hebrew newspaper Haaretz.
  5. Gaza is home to 2 million Palestinians, half of whom are children. Israel is massacring them, bombing their neighborhoods to rubble – and top Israeli politicians are using genocidal language to justify it. It’s only been 4 days since Israel started bombing Gaza. Israel is telling the world they will attack Gaza for months. Instead of doing everything he can to stop the violence and save lives, President Biden is giving Israel the greenlight to commit war crimes and further atrocities. All while Members of Congress cheer Israel on from the sidelines and call for more Palestinian blood. The scale of Israel’s destruction is already sickening. Palestinians can’t go on like this. IMEU (@theimeu) • Instagram photos and videos
  6. Peace of mind, contentment, happiness and freedom from worries and anxiety – this is what everyone is searching for to have a good life and find complete happiness and joy. Looking after your emotional health is just as important as caring for your physical health. People who are emotionally healthy are in control of their emotions and behaviour and are able to handle life’s inevitable challenges, build strong relationships, and lead productive, fulfilling lives. Being emotionally and mentally healthy doesn’t mean never going through bad times or not experiencing emotional problems… The difference is that people with good emotional health have an ability to bounce back from adversity, trauma, and stress. People with positive outlook remain focused, flexible, and creative even in bad times. However, it is not easy to maintain a healthy, positive emotional state as people often misjudge what will make them happy and content! What is Emotional health? Mental or emotional health refers to your overall psychological well-being. It includes the way you feel about yourself, the quality of your relationships, and your ability to manage your feelings and deal with difficulties. It is a sense of contentment, a zest for living and the ability to enjoy life, and a sense of meaning and purpose in both your activities and relationships. The flexibility to learn new things and adapt to changes. Having self-confidence and high self-esteem. How to achieve good emotional health? 1. Pray with complete devotion and sincerity: Performing acts of worship (Ibadah) with perfection and seeking forgiveness from Allah Ta’ala helps one to achieve good emotional balance. 2. Manage your stress levels: Stress takes a heavy toll on mental and emotional health, so it’s important to keep it under control. While not all stress can be avoided, stress management strategies can help you bring things back into balance. Try to avoid becoming absorbed by repetitive mental habits; negative thoughts about yourself and the world around you drain your energy and trigger feelings of anxiety, fear, and depression. 3. Do things that positively impact others: Being useful to others regardless of what community they belong to and being valued for what you did for them can help build self-esteem. Make people feel your absence! Rasulullah Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam said, “The most beloved people to Allah are those who are most beneficial to people. The most beloved deed to Allah is to make a Muslim happy, to remove his troubles, to forgive his debt or to feed his hunger.”(Al-Mujam Al-Awsat) 4. Realize your values and capabilities: When you are living your life in harmony with your values, you naturally have more energy, fulfilment, balance and stress-free living. Your values represent your unique and individual essence and your way of being and relating to others. We should discover our unique capabilities with which we can positively change the world around us. 5. Clear the clutter: Clutter is not just those physical things hoarded for years. It includes relationships, time commitments and other things that use up more of your energy than you can afford to give them. Cleaning up your life and just keeping things that support you in your chosen lifestyle boosts your energy levels, gives you joy and protects your values since you are no longer wasting time and mental thoughts on things not of importance to you. You can now focus on the things that really matter. De-cluttering means to eliminate the things that cause worry and to achieve the things that bring happiness. It may be done by forgetting about bad things in the past which cannot be changed, and realizing that dwelling on them is a waste of time. A person must strive to stop himself from feeling anxious about the future like imagination of poverty, fear and other bad things that might happen to him. 6. Enjoy the beauty of nature: A simple walk through a garden can lower blood pressure and reduce stress. 7. Express your emotions: To be emotionally healthy you must express your emotions in a healthy and assertive way. 8. Exercise: Regular exercise assists in boosting one’s emotional well-being. These positive characteristics allow you to participate in life to the fullest extent possible through productive, meaningful activities and strong relationships. They also help you cope when faced with life’s challenges and stresses. Positive emotions are linked with better health and greater well-being. On the other hand, chronic anger, worry, and hostility increases the risk of developing heart diseases, as people react to these feelings with raised blood pressure and stiffening of blood vessels. Jamiatul Ulama (KZN) Council of Muslim Theologians
  7. The latest from the third day of Al-Aqsa Flood Operation (9 Oct. 2023) from early Monday morning until 10:00 a.m. (Jerusalem time): 💢 The Occupation Military confirms engaging in clashes with the Palestinian Resistance in approximately 8 locations inside the Gaza Envelope settlements, the most intense being in Sderot settlement. 💢During the confrontations, the Palestinian Resistance captured hostages of Israeli settlers and forces. 💢 The Occupation Air Forces launched hundreds of violent airstrikes in the early morning hours on residential towers, houses, and mosques across Gaza. 💢38 Palestinian martyrs, at least, have been killed by the Occupation, nearly half of them are from Abu Hilal family, and 80 others have been injured, most being children and women. 💢The toll of Palestinian martyrs since the beginning of Al-Aqsa Operation has reached 493 martyrs, with +2,751 injured. 💢The Occupation Air Forces assassinated one of the Palestinian Resistance leaders, Ra’afat Abu Hilal, after launching an airstrike on a house in Rafah. 💢The Palestinian Resistance managed to reach 20 Israeli settlements and 11 military sites of the Occupation since the beginning of Al-Aqsa Flood Operation. 💢The Israeli Army Spokesperson stated that Israeli planes have dropped +1,000 tons of bombs on Gaza since the start of Al-Aqsa Flood Operation. 💢UNRWA announced the forced displacement of 74,000 Palestinians to 64 schools and shelters under its administration. 💢14 martyrs in the West Bank have been killed by the Occupation in confrontations with the Israeli Forces since the beginning of the Al-Aqsa Flood Operation, the latest is a young man who attempted to break through an Israeli barrier in Al-Khalil, as well as four martyrs in clashes at Qalandia checkpoint. MetrasGlobal (@metras_global) • Instagram photos and videos
  8. The latest from the second day of Al-Aqsa Flood Operation (8 Oct. 2023) from early Sunday morning until 12:00 p.m. (Jerusalem time): 💢 +24 hours of ongoing armed confrontations between the Occupation Forces and the Palestinian Resistance within Gaza envelope settlements. 💢Hezbollah announces its liability for targeting three “Israeli sites” in north Palestine. The Israeli Occupation Forces responded by bombing empty military tents on the Lebanese borders. 💢Ministry of Health in Gaza announces an increase in the number of martyrs from Saturday morning to 313 martyrs and 1,990 wounded with different injuries. 💢The Palestinian Resistance bombed “Sderot” Israeli settlement with a missile barrage of +100 missiles in response to the Occupation bombing of residential buildings in Gaza. 💢The Occupation aircraft bombed homes and residential buildings in the areas of “Rafah”, “Jabalia”, “Abasan”, “Al-Qarara”, “al-Zaytoun Neighborhood”, and “Khuza’a”. 💢The Occupation announced the killing of 350 Israelis by the Palestinian Resistance in the Gaza envelope settlements, among them 26 Israeli soldiers, the Commander of the Nahal Brigade, the Deputy Commander of the Magellan Unit, the Commander of the Communications Battalion, officers of the Home Front, 51st Battalion, 77th Battalion, and the Duvdovan. In addition to the killing of about 30 Occupation police officers. 💢Israeli Ministry of Health announced 1,864 injuries among Israeli settlers in the Occupation hospitals, 19 of which are in clinical deaths, and 326 are in critical condition. 💢A resistance shooting operation in Egypt targets a group of Israelis, killing at least two of them according to a preliminary outturn. 💢The Israeli media announces the killing of 15 settlers during clashes with resistance fighters in the "Mafkim" settlement, south of Asqalan. 💢The Israeli death toll rose to six, in a shooting operation that targeted a bus carrying Israeli tourists in Alexandria. 💢Military spokesman for Al-Qassam Brigades, Abu ‘Ubaida: “Al-Qassam leadership carried out a new infiltration operation during the last hours, and we provided the fighters with weapons, missiles, and equipment.” 13 m
  9. Headline on Mahyar Tousi TV!!
  10. The words can be heard on the video Quds News Network (@qudsnen) • Instagram photos and videos
  11. BREAKING As of 9:30 AM Jerusalem time, here is a summary of what happened: On Saturday, October 7, 2023, at 6:45 AM, alarm sirens resonated across 160 Israeli settlements, commencing from the Gaza envelope settlements and extending to Tel Aviv. Subsequently, the Palestinian Resistance launched 5,000 rockets, resulting in casualties and injuries among the settlers. Members of the Resistance executed parachute landings, while others seized military vehicles and engaged in confrontations with both soldiers and settlers within the outskirts of the Gaza strip. Mohammed Dhaif, the military leader of the Al-Qass**am Brigades, declared the commencement of the 'Al-Aqsa Flood' war in a televised address. This was in response to escalating Israeli attacks on Al-Aqsa Mosque, as well as aggressions by the Occupation Forces and settlers in the West Bank The Resistance released numerous photographs depicting casualties inflicted upon Israeli soldiers and settlers, accompanied by videos showing the retrieval of some bodies to the Gaza Strip Additionally, the Resistance targeted and set fire to Israeli military vehicles, capturing military equipment and transporting it to Gaza There are anticipations of the Palestinian Resistance capturing Israeli soldiers and transferring them to Gaza. In the 'Ofakim' settlement, resistance fighters took hostages. Israeli media reported that the resistance had gained control of 'Kibbutz Baree' and the Sderot police station www.instagram.com/p/CyFyQB-N6Fp/
  12. Masjid al-Qibli Located to the western most side of the compound, this grey domed masjid can accommodate 5000 people and is considered the largest masjid in Jerusalem. Originally built by Umar ibn al-Khattab, it has undergone several modifications, expansions and reconstructions having experienced several dynasties as well as two earthquakes. The Crusaders conquered Jerusalem in 1099 and renamed the Masjid as Solomon’s Temple - it was used as a palace while the Dome of the Rock was used as a church. You can still see some remnants of Christian architecture today, such as the Mihrab/Musallah of Zakariyya. However, the great Salah ad-Din had an intense yearning to regain the holy city. Ibn Shaddad mentions "the Sultan was so keen for Jerusalem that the hills would have shrunk from bearing the burden he carried in his heart." (Saviours of the Islamic Spirit, page 214) On Friday 2 October 1187, Jerusalem was recaptured and Salah ad-Din bought a magnificent wooden pulpit his uncle Nur ad-Din Zangi had designed under his orders twenty years prior. It was bought from Aleppo and erected it the masjid. Unfortunately, this mimbar was burnt down in 1969 in an arson attack by an Australian Christian Fundamentalist. Inside If you look closely at the windows (in the second picture), you can see they have been broken due to recent violence in the masjid. There is so much history overflowing in every inch of Jerusalem. Insha'Allah next week I hope to share other less-well known structures located in and around al-Masjid al-Aqsa. May Allah allow us to learn about, visit and protect the Holy Lands.
  13. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and give him peace) said: One should not undertake journeys seeking to gain Allah’s reward except to three masjids: al-Masjid al-Haram, al-Masjid al-Aqsa or this masjid [the prophet’s mosque in Madina]. What exactly is al-Masjid al-Aqsa? Contrary to popular belief, al-Masjid al-Aqsa refers to the entire walled compound also known as al-Haram ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), not just the famous Qubbat as-Sakhrah (the Dome of the Rock) or Masjid al-Qibli (also known as Al-Aqsa Mosque). The compound is also home to hundreds of olive trees, a museum, madrassas, four minarets and several domes and musallas. Qubbat as-Sakhrah The Dome of the Rock was built by the Umayyad ruler Abdul Malik ibn Marwan in 691. It was originally wooden with a lead or ceramic cover and the iconic Gold dome was built almost a millennium years later during the reign of the Ottoman ruler, Sulayman the Magnificent. It is claimed that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and give him peace) stood on the rock located inside the building before being raised to the Heavens during Mi'raj. However, this is not absolutely certain. Just outside there is also a small commemorative structure called 'Dome of an-Nabi' where it is believed that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and give him peace) led all the prophets in congregational prayer on that blessed
  14. From White Thread Press Assalamu ‘alaykum wa rahmat Allahi wa barakatuh, Alhamdulillah I was blessed to travel to Palestine, the land of the Prophets. It was a spiritually enlightening and awe inspiring trip, connecting us to our Islamic history. It is a place where Allah's blessings descend. From praying in the masjid wherein each prayer is worth 5,000, feeling the acceptance of duas in the chambers of Maryam, offering salams to Ibrahim, Ishaq and Yunus (upon them all be peace), we came as honoured guests and left with teary eyes. Insha'Allah over the next few weeks I hope to share my experience of visiting Palestine, discussing the historical and spiritual significance of some of the places I visited to encourage you to also visit the Holy Land. But first, Where exactly is the 'Holy/Blessed Land'? There is a difference of opinion about the boundaries of the 'Blessed Land'. Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir and al-Qurtubi consider it to be the whole area of Sham (modern-day Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon). Other scholars believe there are pockets of 'blessed land' scattered throughout the area of the modern Middle East such as Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, Masjid al-Haram in Makkah and Masjid an-Nabawi in Madina. Some say it is contiguous from Hijaz, through Sham to Egypt However, (in all opinions) there is no doubt that Masjid al-Aqsa is located within the Blessed Land. Mention in the Qur'an: It is clearly and directly mentioned in Surah al-Isra that Masjid al-Aqsa as well as its surrounding area has been blessed by Allah Most High for mankind to reap spiritual and material benefit: سُبْحَـٰنَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِۦ لَيْلًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ إِلَى ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْأَقْصَا ٱلَّذِى بَـٰرَكْنَا حَوْلَهُۥ لِنُرِيَهُۥ مِنْ ءَايَـٰتِنَآ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْبَصِيرُ Glorious is He who made His servant travel by night from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa whose environs We have blessed, so that We let him see some of Our signs. Surely, He is the All-Hearing, All-Seeing. Surah Ma'idah mentions when Musa (upon him be peace) left Egypt with Bani Isra'il he said: يَـٰقَوْمِ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْأَرْضَ ٱلْمُقَدَّسَةَ ٱلَّتِى كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَرْتَدُّوا۟ عَلَىٰٓ أَدْبَارِكُمْ فَتَنقَلِبُوا۟ خَـٰسِرِينَ O my people! Enter the holy land which Allah has destined for you; and do not turn back, lest you should turn losers. Mufti Taqi Usmani mentions in the footnotes of his new edition of The Noble Qur’an: Meaning with Explanatory Notes that 'the reference here is to Syria and Palestine that were occupied by Amalekites, and after Pharaoh drowned, the Israelites were directed to liberate those lands from them.' Mention in Hadiths The Prophet ﷺ said: "Allah has blessed what lies between al-Arish (in Egypt) and the Euphrates and has made Palestine particularly holy." [Kanz al-Ummal] Zaid ibn Thabit reports that the Prophet ﷺ said: “How blessed is Sham!" The Companions asked, “Why is that?” The Messenger ﷺ replied, “I see the angels of Allah spreading their wings over Sham." Ibn Abbas added, “And the Prophets lived therein. There is not a single inch in al-Quds (Jerusalem) where a Prophet has not prayed or an angel not stood.” [Tirmidhi, Ahmad] May Allah allow us all to visit the Blessed Land and reap benefit from the blessings therein.
  15. Short Summary His arrival heralded a new dawn for the whole universe after a long dark night: The noblest of Allah’s creation, the leader of His creation, and the Seal of His Messengers. None from Allah’s servants are equal to him. He won hearts through his character. He captivated souls through his love. And He made mankind cry out of yearning for him. He is Muḥammad b. ʿAbdillāh: Allah’s final and most beloved Messenger, sent as a mercy to mankind till the Last Day. He was the best of the best. His worship was the best. His character and interactions with others were the best. His family relations were the best. His leadership was the best. Read this free eBook to learn more about this great man. This FREE E-Book contains: His Iman & Love for Allah His Sublime Character The Messenger: A Grateful Servant The Messenger: The Murabbi The Messenger: A Family Man Loved By Allah’s Creation The Messenger & His Love for The Ummah Do We Truly Love Our Prophet ﷺ? Download, read, print and share with family and friends Loving-Allahs-Beloved-by-Life-With-Allah.pdf
  16. By Shaykhul-Hadīth, Hadrat Mawlānā Muhammad Saleem Dhorat dāmat barakātuhum The smartphone has become an inseparable part of our day-to-day lives. From within the confines of the home to every region and sector of the outside world, people are seen immersed in the smartphone, yet very few contemplate the negative effects this small gadget is having on their lives. The smartphone undoubtedly has its benefits like efficient worldwide communication, quick internet access, timely news updates, simple navigation, easy online shopping, fast bank transfers, etc. However, an intelligent person does not only focus on the benefits of an item and become oblivious of its harms. Therefore, it is necessary to ponder over the negative impact the smartphone is having on our lives. A few moments of contemplation will help us realise the extent of harm it is causing us. Worldly Harms What makes the smartphone particularly dangerous is its irresistible attraction which disconnects us from our surroundings and prevents us from enjoying and benefitting from the many worldly blessings Allāh ta‘ālā has created for us. Let us cite a few examples: When taking a walk in the park, we remain focused on our mobile phones and consequently fail to appreciate the beautiful scenery around us. When we sit to partake of a meal, we are unable to truly enjoy the food because our eyes are glued on the smartphone throughout the meal. This silent addiction does not allow us to have a peaceful sleep either. Hours are spent engrossed in the smartphone, resulting in frequent late nights. It has also become a norm to keep the smartphone by the bedside during the night and check it whenever it buzzes. The subsequent lack of quality-sleep has a negative impact on our health and reduces our productiveness during the day. Social Harms This terrible addiction has also affected our social lives and disconnected us from those who are important to us. A family may be seated together in the same room, yet each person will be in their own world, occupied in some form of a pastime on the smartphone. They fail to even acknowledge each other’s presence and do not communicate with each other as a family ought to. When the family goes on a holiday with the intention of spending quality time together, they fail in their objective, as ‘quality time’ is given to the smartphone. In the home, the young children often run to the father with much love hoping to be entertained, but he is too busy on his phone and says to them, ‘Go to your mother, I am busy.’ They then go to their mother who is also busy on her phone and says, ‘Go to your father, I am busy.’ When the children get fed up and cause a nuisance or ‘disturbance’, the parents ‘solve the problem’ by tossing a smartphone into their hands! This has a detrimental effect on the spiritual, physical and mental development of our children. Husband and wife even quarrel and reach a break-up point in their marriage due to this smartphone. Spending an excessive amount of time on it and sometimes even cheating on one’s spouse whilst on it, results in rights being violated and hearts broken. Guests who we are commanded to honour are left neglected. Frequent attention to the smartphone whilst in front of them makes them feel unwanted and dishonoured. Spiritual Harms Along with the many worldly and social harms, there are many spiritual harms of the smartphone too. It has proven to have a negative impact on a very important character-trait of a believer, trustworthiness in fulfilling responsibilities. Those of us who have an average 9am-5pm job are required to work for the full duration of their contracted hours and not engage in any personal activity. This is because the employer who is paying us, has essentially bought our time of us; hence doing anything in that time besides fulfilling the task set by the company would be a breach of trust and tantamount to stealing. Unfortunately, many people during their contracted work hours frequently scroll through their messages on social platforms or keep up to date with the latest news and fall short in diligently fulfilling their duty. Another great spiritual harm of the smartphone is the unprecedented levels of futile activities we engage in. This leaves us with no time for ‘ibādah and has an effect on our spirituality. Very few people can claim to have never engaged in some futile activity on the smartphone. A Qārī sāhib who is spiritually associated to me once informed me that for two or three months, he had been missing his daily tilāwah and adhkār. I asked him to ponder over the reason, upon which he immediately said, ‘I already know the reason. It is the smartphone. When I first bought it, I used it carefully for a while. One day somebody sent me a videoclip of a debate. I liked it and thus started watching other debates on YouTube, which lead me into a spiral of pointlessly watching videos and wasting hours of my time.’ He would spend so much time on YouTube that he would not have any time left for his tilāwah and adhkār. I said to him, ‘You know the problem and the solution, hence there is no need to ask me for guidance’. He got rid of the smartphone and once again became punctual with his daily practices. An even greater harm of the smartphone is that it ultimately lands us into sinful activities. Safeguarding the eyes and ears becomes extremely difficult as one does not always have control over what appears on the screen. If an obscene image happens to pop up on the screen, many people do not have the spiritual strength to resist and look away, thus they take pleasure from it. When this happens repeatedly, the nafs searches for more and falls prey to the many different forms of indecent and shameful activities available on the smartphone. This results in sins like masturbation, looking at obscene material, developing illicit relationships and eventually fornication. The same smartphone used to commit sins is then used to publicise them. Youngsters will shamelessly boast of their sins to friends on social media platforms. This decreases their chances of being forgiven and could be more detrimental than the sin itself. If one claims that the smartphone has not affected their spirituality because it has not led them to sin, then they will not be able to deny that in some way or another it has affected the sincerity in their worship and good deeds. Just as sins are publicised on the smartphone, it has now become extremely common to publicise good deeds too. People are seen more worried about taking selfies of themselves than pleasing their Creator, when present in blessed places like the Haramayn Sharīfayn, engaged in some worship like du’ā or in some relief work. Feeling the need to ‘capture’ the moment, they do not realise that they are actually wasting a precious moment of their lives due to falling prey to riyā (ostentation). A huge harm caused by the smartphone is that it constantly occupies the mind. Every notification will urge one to immediately check his phone, even if he is engaged in ṣalāh, recitation of the Qur’ān or dhikr. In fact, even in the Houses of Allāh we are unable to connect to Allāh, as we remain connected to the smartphone by way of conversing on it, through messaging or just browsing. Unfortunately, this engrossment has deprived us of the solitude of mind required to connect to Allāh ta‘ālā even in blessed places and during worships. Another great harm caused by the smartphone is that it has deprived many from the blessed environment of the masjid and the company of the ‘Ulamā, Mashāyikh and the pious. Many people tend to think that merely listening or watching clips about Din on the smartphone in the comfort of their homes is sufficient for spiritual progress. The reality is that without the company of the ‘Ulamā, Mashāyikh and the pious one can never truly excel in spirituality and acquire the correct understanding of Dīn. If the smartphone does not become an impediment from the gatherings of the ‘Ulamā and Mashāyikh and the masjid environment, it will make many of us violate the etiquettes of these blessed gatherings and also of the masjid. Our attention would be clearly more centred towards the smartphone than the esteemed ‘ālim who is sat before us. This constitutes disrespect to an ‘ālim and disinterest to the knowledge of Dīn which becomes a means of deprivation from Dīnī knowledge. Weigh out the Pros and Cons After numerating various harms of the smartphone, let us implement a maxim we learn from the Glorious Qur’an. Allah ta‘ālā states regarding alcohol, The maxim is that when there is both harm and benefit in something, one must let go of the benefit and save oneself from the harm. An example is alcohol. It is prohibited despite having benefits due to the harm it causes. The smartphone is no different. It also has both harms and benefits. In fact, the harms of the smartphone outweigh its benefits, and therefore we should avoid it. Safeguarding Ourselves In order to safeguard ourselves from the harms of this gadget, we should ideally get rid of it altogether. A simple mobile phone which is used mainly for calls and text messages will suffice for our communicational needs. In the modern age, this may seem old fashioned, but it is wiser to save oneself from so many obvious harms than to worry about being labelled ‘old fashioned’. The smartphone is not as necessary for the majority of us as we believe it to be, and getting rid of it would only bring about many benefits which we ourselves will witness and appreciate. For those who are genuinely in need of a smartphone, such as those whose work requires them to check emails regularly, business owners who need certain apps on the phone, etc., strict measures should be put in place to regulate and limit our usage of the smartphone: 1. Stipulate certain hours of the day when the smartphone will not be used. For example, 10pm until the Fajr ṣalāh, whenever we sit to eat, when at work or in a class, when in the Masjid, etc. In these times, we should never look at the phone. 2. Set time limits for the tasks that genuinely need to be carried out on the smartphone. For example, 20 minutes to check the news, 30 minutes to check and reply to emails, etc. An alarm should be set to signal the end of the set time. 3. Apps are now available which disable us from using social media or YouTube beyond a set amount of minutes per day or week, at a cost of a few pounds per month. If this saves us from wasting precious moments of our lives, then it is something we should seriously consider. 4. Only use the smartphone when there is a genuine need. This will save us from engaging in anything that will lead to lā ya’nī (futile activity) or disobedience to Allāh ta‘ālā. 5. Avoid using the smartphone in private. Use it in open areas such as the sitting room where family members pass by regularly. This will save us from looking at shameful and immoral things on the phone. May Allāh ta‘ālā enable us to recognise what is good for us and what is bad, and save us from all tools of lā ya’nī and sin. May Allāh ta‘ālā grant us the courage and tawfīq to get rid of the smartphone; and if it is absolutely necessary, then may He enable us to keep it under control, and not let it control us. Āmīn. Extracted from Riyādul Jannah, Vol. 32 No. 7, July 2023 © At-Tazkiyah
  17. Q. I have seen a post that mentioned that the use of Tasbeeh counters and Tasbeeh beads to count zikr is an innovation (Bid’ah) and one must only use the fingers. Is this true? (Question published as received) A. Both methods of counting Zikr, on fingers or using a Tasbeeh (rosary) are correct. Using a Tasbeeh, beads, or stones to help one with counting Zikr is supported by various narrations. Sayyiduna Saad bin Waqqas Radhiyallahu Anhu narrated that he was with Rasulullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam when he visited a woman who was using date seeds or pebbles to make Zikr. Rasulullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam guided her to a form of Zikr that was superior to the Zikr she was making but did not condemn or reprimand her use of the date seeds/pebbles. [Tirmizi #3568] Shamsud Deen Safeeri Rahimahullah records an amazing practice of Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu Anhu. He states, “From the virtues of Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu Anhu was that he would recite Subhanallah 12 000 times daily. He would mention that the blood money paid for a human life is 12 000 Dirhams. Hence he would recite Subhanallah 12 000 times daily as a ransom for himself from the Fire. He had a string with 2000 knots (for counting) and he would not sleep until he completed this amount. [Sharhul Bukhari Lis-Safeeri 1: 354] In the past, people used stones, beads and strings as an aid in making Dhikr. In today’s times, digital counters and its like will also be permissible. Hence, using a Tasbeeh/Tasbeeh counter may not be classified as a Bid‘ah. Rather it is not only permissible but it is recommended for those whom it will serve as an aid and a reminder to make Zikr. And Allah Ta’ala Knows Best Mufti Moosa Salie Mufti Taahir Hansa (The answer hereby given is specifically based on the question asked and should be read together with the question asked. Islamic rulings on this Q&A newsletter are answered in accordance to the Hanafi Fiqh unless otherwise stated.) Fatwa Department Jamiatul Ulama (KZN) Council of Muslim Theologians
  18. There was once a person whose body would always exude the fragrance of the most exotic musk and perfume. A friend one day asked him, “What is this wonderful fragrance I always smell on you? You must be spending a lot of money on musk if you apply it so often!” The person replied, “By Allah! Never have I purchased musk nor have I ever applied it!” His friend was astonished and asked, “Then where does your fragrance come from?” Not keen to answer the question, he said to his friend, “Why are you asking me?” His friend explained, “I hope that Allah Ta‘ala will let me benefit in some way by what you will tell me.” On his friend’s coaxing and urging, he eventually narrated the following: In my youth I was a very handsome lad. My father was a merchant and I would generally spend my time with him. One day, an old woman came to him and purchased some cloth. As she did not have the money with her to pay for it, she asked my father if he would send me along to her home where I would collect the money. My father agreed. Hence, I proceeded with her until we finally stood before a grand, palatial home. The old woman ushered me into a stunning courtyard and as I entered, my gaze fell on a beautiful young girl who was seated atop a raised seat on a silken cushion. The instant she saw me, she was dazzled by my beauty and immediately demanded that I join her on her seat. I staunchly refused. Instead of bringing her to her senses, my rejection only incited her to get down and come to me. Then, in a fit of infatuation, she began pulling and tugging me towards herself. I was in a genuine predicament. Thus in order to escape from her embrace, I asked her if I could use the toilet. Although impatient, she acceded and shouted for her slaves who guided me to the toilet. I entered the toilet where I relieved myself into my hands. Not wasting a moment, I smeared the filth over my body, clothing, and face. When I exited the toilet, the eagerly awaiting girl was greeted by the sight and smell of not a handsome youth but a person literally covered in human waste! The flames of her passion were, at once, thoroughly doused and she screamed to her servants in horror and disgust, “This is a madman! Throw him out immediately!” I happened to have only one dirham with me. On leaving, I purchased some soap and thereafter went to the river where I cleansed my body and clothing of the filth. When I was done, I went back to my father and did not tell him a word of what had transpired. When I went to sleep that night, I saw a dream in which a handsome man with an excellent fragrance came to me. I asked him who he was to which he replied that he was Jibreel (‘alaihis salaam). He said to me, “Allah Ta‘ala has sent me to give you the glad tidings of Jannah and to reward you with some of its perfume because of the extent to which you went to avoid falling into sin.” He then passed his hands over my face, body and clothing and departed. When I awoke the next morning, I smelt an exquisite fragrance which, to this day, still perpetually wafts from my body. (At-Targheeb wa Tarheeb lil Yaafi‘ee pg. 165) Lessons: 1. The pious youngster was prepared to go to the extreme of covering himself with filth and mess in order to avoid falling into sin. We, on the other hand, make an all-out effort to ensure that we fall into sin and filth – resulting in us making a mess of our lives. 2. A person who leaves sin for the pleasure of Allah Ta‘ala will enjoy rewards in both this world as well as the Hereafter. 3. A true Muslim detests sin even more than he detests filth and faeces. 4. A Muslim is prepared to make any sacrifice necessary in order to keep his link of love with Allah Ta‘ala intact. Al-Haadi.org
  19. سُبْحَانَ اللّٰهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ ، عَدَدَ خَلْقِهِ ، وَرِضَا نَفْسِهِ ، وَزِنَةَ عَرْشِهِ ، وَمِدَادَ كَلِمَاتِهِ (3x) Allah is free from imperfection and all praise is due to Him, (in ways) as numerous as all He has created, (as vast) as His pleasure, (as limitless) as the weight of His Throne, and (as endless) as the ink of His words. Subḥāna-llāhi wa bi ḥamdih, ʿadada khalqih, wa riḍā nafsih, wa zinata ʿarshih, wa midāda kalimātih. Juwayriyyah b. al-Ḥārith (raḍiy Allāhu ʿanhā) reported: “The Prophet ﷺ left (my home) in the morning as I was busy in performing the dawn prayer. He came back in the forenoon and found me sitting there. He ﷺ asked: ‘Are you still in the same position as I left you?’ I replied in the affirmative. Thereupon the Prophet ﷺ said: ‘I recited four phrases three times after I left you. If everything that you have said today was put in the scales, [the above] would outweigh it.’” (Muslim 2140, Abū Dāwūd 1503) Brief Commentary • We begin this dhikr by saying ‘Subḥānallāh’, a phrase which glorifies Allah through negating any deficiencies in Him. • We follow this up by saying ‘wa bi-Ḥamdih’. Through this phrase, we praise Allah in a complete manner which encompasses praising Him for (1) all His perfect qualities, and (2) for all His blessings which He showers upon us. • We then combine the tasbīḥ and ḥamd with four phrases ― each one increasing the magnitude of this tasbīh and hamd in terms of: (1) quantity (2) quality and (3) weight. “As numerous as all He has created” • When we say we glorify Allah and praise Him by the quantity of His creation, we are not saying that we are praising Allah this many times, as it is inconceivable that someone can say I am praising Allah x number of times without actually doing so an x number of times. Rather we are saying that He deserves to be glorified and praised in this quantity and more, because His creation is constantly increasing. In other words, He deserves to be glorified and praised an infinite number of times. “(As vast) as His pleasure” • “(As vast) as His pleasure” refers to the quality of the praise. We are praising Allah not only by an amount (quantity) befitting Him, but also in a manner pleasing to Him (quality). • Allah is the Most Noble, and He only accepts and is pleased with good things. Therefore, when we glorify Allah and praise Him by His pleasure, we are saying that He deserves to be glorified and praised in the best manner possible as He is only pleased with that which is good. “(As limitless) as the weight of His Throne” • As the Throne of Allah is the heaviest and greatest of Allah’s creation, we are saying that Allah deserves the largest and weightiest form of glorification and praise. • The Prophet ﷺ said, “The heavens (universe) in comparison to the footstool (Kursī) are but like a ring in an empty desert; and the example of the footstool (Kursī) in comparison to the Throne of Allah is like this ring in the empty desert” (Ibn Ḥibbān 361). “(As endless) as the ink of His words” • “As numerous as all He has created” dealt with the quantity of this praise; “(As vast) as His pleasure” dealt with the quality of this praise; and “(As limitless) as the weight of His Throne” dealt with the weight of this praise, so Allah deserves to be glorified and praised in the largest, best way possible, an infinite number of times. • The “(As endless) as the ink of His words” encompasses all three aspects as Allah’s words are infinite, they are the best of words, and they carry the most weight. Allah describes their greatness in the Qur’ān: “If all the trees on earth were pens and the ocean (were ink), refilled by seven other oceans, the Words of Allah would not be exhausted. Surely Allah is Almighty, All-Wise” (31:27). Action Points • This particular dhikr is very short yet carries immense rewards. Although Juwayriyah (raḍiy Allāhu ʿanhā) was remembering Allah for a long duration, the Prophet ﷺ said this one dhikr outweighed everything she had said. The difference between the two is that this dhikr powerfully highlights the greatness that Allah deserves. It opens up the heart to contemplate over Allah, through His Attributes, Words, Creation, and specifically His Throne. This deep reflection enables the dhikr to emanate not only from the tongue but also from the depths of the heart. • The more present your heart is when remembering Allah, the greater the reward will be. • Never miss out saying this dhikr three times every morning, and ensure you always say it with contemplation to maximise the rewards and benefits you receive. Feel awe in your heart as you praise the Lord of the Throne and the worlds. • This ḥadīth teaches us the importance of why we should hold on tightly to the Sunnah adhkār. Juwayriyah (radiyallahu ʿanhā) remembered Allah for a long duration, but the four phrases specified by the Prophet ﷺ would ensure far greater reward than the dhikr she had been engaged in all morning, even though they require much less time to utter. source
  20. “And there are some people who sell themselves (i.e. they spend everything of theirs) in pursuit of the pleasure of Allah. And Allah is exceptionally kind to the servants.” (Surah Baqarah v207) Sayyiduna Suhaib bin Sinaan (radhiyallahu anhu) is commonly known with the title “Roomi”, although he was not from Rome. The reason for him being called this is that when he was young, the Romans had captured him during one of their attacks on the Persian territory and they had enslaved him. He thus grew up among them. Thereafter, an Arab tribe, the Banu Kalb, purchased him from them and brought him to Makkah Mukarramah. Abdullah bin Jud‘aan subsequently purchased him and set him free. When Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) was blessed with nubuwwah, Sayyiduna Suhaib (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) accepted Islam. He was among the very early Muslims, with only thirty some odd people entering into the fold of Islam before him. Like the other weak Muslims, Sayyiduna Suhaib (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) too was tortured and persecuted by the disbelievers of Makkah Mukarramah. A few days after Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) had left Makkah Mukarramah for Madeenah Munawwarah, Sayyiduna Suhaib (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) quietly left as well. However, as he left, some youngsters of the Quraish prevented him from leaving. He thus devised a plan. The entire night he pretended as though he had a stomach ailment. The disbelievers fell for this trap and went to sleep leaving him unguarded, as they felt that he would be unable to travel due to his sickness. He thus left Makkah Mukarramah quietly. However, as soon as the disbelievers realised that he had absconded, they followed him until they eventually caught up with him. Sayyiduna Suhaib (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) pulled out his quiver and addressed them saying, “By Allah, you know very well that I am a better archer than you. By Allah, you will not reach me until I have killed one person among you with each arrow (I possess). Thereafter, I will fight you with my sword until I am killed.” Sayyiduna Suhaib (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) then presented a more lucrative option to them saying, “If (however,) you desire wealth, I will guide you to the place where my wealth is buried (in Makkah Mukarramah).” The disbelievers happily agreed to this option, and Sayyiduna Suhaib (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) informed them where his wealth was buried. They thus allowed him to continue with his journey of Hijrah and they returned to Makkah Mukarramah. When Sayyiduna Suhaib (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reached Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam), who was in Qubaa at the time, he exclaimed “O Abu Yahya! The deal has earned great profits (i.e. rewards in the Hereafter).” He was quite surprised that Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) had come to know of this incident and expressed his surprise saying, “O Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam), no one (who knew of my story) reached you before me. It could only have been Jibreel (‘alaihis salaam) who informed you.” It was because of this incident, the following verse was revealed, “And there are some people who sell themselves (i.e. they spend everything of theirs) in pursuit of the pleasure of Allah. And Allah is exceptionally kind to the servants.” (Surah Baqarah v207) (Al-Bidaayah wan Nihaayah vol. 3, pg. 185 & vol. 8, pg. 106 and Usdul Ghaabah vol. 2, pg. 461) Lessons: 1. The Sahaabah (radhiyallahu ‘anhum) made the great sacrifice of leaving behind their homes, businesses, belongings, family and friends and everything else for the protection and propagation of Deen. They in turn enjoyed many bounties from Allah Ta‘ala and experienced great ease and comfort from their challenges and persecutions. If we also make ‘Hijrah’, i.e. abandon all types of vice, sin, wrongs, and anything which amounts to the disobedience of Allah Ta‘ala, we will also enjoy great bounties, comforts and blessings from the side of Allah Ta‘ala. 2. Sayyiduna Suhaib (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) gave up all his wealth for the sake of protecting his Deen, because he had understood the importance of Deen and the temporary nature of material possessions. Conversely, when a person does not understand this reality, and thus makes material his priority and Deen a secondary issue in his life, he will be prepared to ‘sell’ his Deen, merely to earn a little extra wealth. Hence, he will not mind engaging in interest bearing transactions and thereby waging war with Allah Ta‘ala. For him to lie, cheat, usurp another person’s right, etc. will not be a serious issue, since his priority is the acquisition of material and the amassing of wealth. UswatulMuslimah Jamiatul Ulama (KZN) Council of Muslim Theologians
  21. Life under brutal occupation continues.... Special needs boy shot Israeli occupation forces shot and injured Islam Nofal, a Palestinian boy with special needs and severe psychological disabilities, near the southern military checkpoint in the city of Qalqilya in the occupied West Bank. www.instagram.com/p/CwHmk3-IKmb/ Killings continue 13 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli occupation forces and settlers in the occupied West Bank and Jerusalem so far in August. www.instagram.com/p/CwCccIzIuym/?img_index=1 Destruction of homes during raids (2 days ago) Destruction left behind Israeli occupation forces after besieging and blowing up a house in which a Palestinian man was inside before fatally shooting him during an assault on the occupied West Bank city of Jenin, this morning. www.instagram.com/p/CwCbNG8IPxL/?img_index=1 During this morning’s assault on Jenin city, Israeli occupation forces blow up a bakery owned by a Palestinian man. During the assault, a 32-year-old Palestinian man was also fatally shot by Israeli occupation forces with live bullets. Settler violence/terrorism Um Safa is as an example of Israeli settlers' rampages in the West Bank. In June, the settlers broke into the village, shot live fire, and torched homes with people inside. The Israeli soldiers were there to secure them. The immediate goal was to erect an outpost by Zvi Bar Yosef on the village’s lands, while at a broader context, it is an act that serves the regime of Jewish supremacy. Apartheid. www.instagram.com/p/CwDXSFGouds/ In the meantime... An Emirati appears dancing with an Israeli at a ceremony amid deepening normalization ties between the two countries. (could be fake) www.instagram.com/p/CwBFP98IZzL/ And... Has Israel-Saudi Arabia normalization approached? www.instagram.com/p/CwBKsGwoR4Q/?img_index=1
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